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Looking at the specific features of PSA generators the capital cost is low relative to the purity the unit will produce. Purity for PSA units are typically high (above 99%). From a cold start, PSA nitrogen generator will take ½ hour to 12 hours depending on purity. PSA generators typically operate at maximum delivery pressure without post compression - typically less than 125 psig and are better suited for lower temperature operations. The best temperature is between 40 deg. F and 95 deg. F. These types of generators are expected to work efficiently and effective for a good 10 -15 years with the proper maintenance adhered. Maintenance of the units would include changing the filters – every 6mos. - 1year; changing the O2 sensor (yearly); a valve rebuild every 2 years; an actuator rebuild or replacement (every 2 years); muffler changes (yearly); and topping up the CMS as required.
PSA nitrogen generator have 8-12 switching valves with actuators depending on unit model. It will take a PSA generator less than one minute which adds up to over ½ million cycles per year so make sure the valves used are high quality, high cycle valves. If your nitrogen demand increases, research new modular units that can be expanded simply by adding additional "banks", compared to traditional twin tower designs..
PSA technology utilizes two towers filled with carbon molecular sieve (CMS). Compressed air enters the bottom of the on-line} tower and flows up through the CMS. Oxygen and other trace gases are preferentially adsorbed by the CMS, allowing nitrogen to pass through. After a pre-set time the on-line tower automatically switches to the regenerative mode, venting contaminants from the CMS. CMS differs from ordinary activated carbons as it has a much narrower range of pore openings. This allows small molecules such as oxygen to penetrate the pores and separate from nitrogen molecules which are too large to enter the CMS. The larger molecules by-pass the CMS and emerge as nitrogen gas.