Air separation plants

Air separation plants produce the atmospheric industrial gases nitrogen, oxygen and argon using electrical power and air as raw materials.  While there are variations in process details, reflecting desired product mix and other factors, all air separation plants employ one of two types of process technology:
   
  Cryogenic air separation plants - Produce nitrogen, oxygen and argon as gas (and liquid) products using very low temperature distillation to separate and purify one or more of these components of air. Cryogenic plants are most commonly used to produce high purity products at medium to high production rates.
   
  Non-cryogenic plants - Produce gaseous nitrogen or oxygen products using near-ambient-temperature separation processes. There are two major types of non-cryogenic processes, using either selective adsorption or differential permutation through membranes to produce relatively pure oxygen or nitrogen. These processes use differences in properties such as molecular structure, size and mass to achieve the desired degree of separation.  Non-cryogenic separation processes are most commonly used when high purify nitrogen or oxygen is not needed (e.g. nitrogen which is 98 to 99.5% oxygen-free, or oxygen at about 93% purity) and when product demand is relatively low; for example: nitrogen at production rates less than about 20,000 scfh / 500 Nm3 or oxygen at production rates less than about 55,000 scfh / 1500 Nm3 .